What You Should Know About ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological condition affecting many individuals in Portugal and worldwide. Often diagnosed in childhood, it can persist into adulthood, impacting various aspects of life. In this article, we explore what ADHD is, its symptoms, how to diagnose it, and the available treatments.

‍

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. These symptoms can vary in intensity and manifest in different ways, impacting an individual's ability to function effectively in daily situations. ADHD can be diagnosed at any age, although signs commonly emerge in childhood.

‍

ADHD: Symptoms and Diagnosis

As noted, ADHD symptoms can be grouped into three main categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Based on the predominant symptoms, ADHD is classified into three subtypes:

‍

💡 Did you know? The “Combined” subtype is the most common form of ADHD.

While symptoms are generally similar in both children and adults, they may appear in different situations. Here are some examples:

ADHD in Children

• Inattention Symptoms: Difficulty focusing in school, forgetting homework, frequently misplacing items.
• Hyperactivity Symptoms: Constant restlessness, difficulty staying seated during class, excessive climbing or running.
• Impulsivity Symptoms: Interrupting conversations, difficulty waiting for their turn, acting without considering consequences.

ADHD in Adults

• Inattention Symptoms: Difficulty focusing on tasks, forgetting appointments and meetings, workplace disorganization.
• Hyperactivity Symptoms: Feelings of restlessness (“hyperactive mind”), difficulty relaxing, excessive talking.
• Impulsivity Symptoms: Making hasty decisions, trouble waiting for their turn, frequent interruptions during conversations.

‍

How Do I Know If I Have ADHD?

If you suspect you might have ADHD, it is essential to consult a specialized healthcare professional for a comprehensive assessment. This typically includes clinical interviews, questionnaires, and cognitive tests. Some common signs indicating ADHD may include persistent issues with attention and concentration, impulsive behaviors, and hyperactivity that interfere with daily life.

⚠️ Important Note: Everyone experiences moments of inattention or concentration lapses without necessarily having ADHD. This disorder should be suspected only when symptoms significantly disrupt everyday routines.

‍

ADHD: Treatment Options

ADHD treatment may involve a combination of approaches, depending on the individual's age:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps develop skills to manage symptoms and improve daily functioning.
• Educational Interventions: For children, school accommodations can be essential for academic success.
• Medication: Stimulants and other prescribed medications can help control symptoms.
• Neurofeedback: A brain training technique that has shown benefits for ADHD cases.

ADHD can have a significant impact on individuals' lives, but with proper diagnosis and treatment, managing symptoms effectively is possible. If you suspect that you or your child may have ADHD, consult a healthcare professional for an assessment and to explore treatment options.

👉 Check out our article on “10 Myths and Facts About ADHD”!

‍

References

Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F. Jr, Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., ... & Zurhellen, W. (2019). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20192528. Erratum in: Pediatrics, 145(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2019-2528. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Treatment of ADHD | Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5ª ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.

National Institute of Mental Health. (2023). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. 

Enriquez-Geppert, S., Smit, D., Pimenta, M.G. et al. Neurofeedback as a Treatment Intervention in ADHD: Current Evidence and Practice. Curr Psychiatry Rep 21, 46 (2019). doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1021-4.